Trump’s economic chaos makes Keynes’s idea look attractive

News Brief: English

Summary

In the wake of Trump’s presidency and the perceived decline of the US-led rules-based order, economists are revisiting John Maynard Keynes’s 1944 “Bancor” proposal—a supranational currency designed to prevent any single nation’s financial dominance and manage trade imbalances more symmetrically.

Key Points

  • End of an Era: Leaders like Mark Carney signal the fading of the post-WWII, US-centric rules-based order, a trend accelerated by the Trump administration’s unilateralism.
  • The Road Not Taken: The 1944 Bretton Woods conference adopted the US (Harry Dexter White) plan, making the dollar the world’s reserve currency. Keynes’s alternative “Bancor” plan was rejected.
  • Bancor’s Core Ideas: A global unit of account for central banks, pegged to gold but adjustable. It aimed to penalize both deficit AND surplus nations to force balanced trade and recycle capital.
  • America’s “Exorbitant Privilege”: The dollar’s reserve status allows the US to run vast deficits, finance global power, but also deindustrialize, causing domestic strife that fueled Trump’s rise.
  • Current System Under Strain: Massive US debt, shaky bond auctions, and Fed policy shocks create global instability. Trump exploits the system while undermining its alliances.
  • Modern Revival Attempts: Ideas include reforming the IMF’s SDR (as China proposed), the BRICS New Development Bank, central bank swap lines, and blockchain-based global stablecoins to bypass the dollar.
  • The Guardrail: The bond market may be the only remaining check on US fiscal policy, as political constraints appear weakened.

新闻简报:中文

摘要

随着特朗普执政及其所代表的美国单边主义倾向,二战后建立的以美国为中心、基于规则的全球秩序被认为正在衰落。在此背景下,经济学家们重新审视凯恩斯在1944年提出的”班科”(Bancor)方案——一种旨在防止单一国家金融霸权、更对称处理贸易失衡的超主权货币构想。

关键要点

  • 时代终结:马克·卡尼等领导人指出,二战后建立的以美国为中心的基于规则的秩序正在消退,特朗普政府的单边主义加速了这一趋势。
  • 未被选择的道路:1944年布雷顿森林会议采纳了美国(哈里·德克斯特·怀特)方案,确立了美元的世界储备货币地位。凯恩斯提出的替代性”班科”方案被否决。
  • 班科方案的核心:一种供央行间使用的全球记账单位,与黄金挂钩但可调整。其独特之处在于同时对逆差国和顺差国施加调整压力,以促进贸易平衡和资本流动。
  • 美国的”过度特权”:美元的储备货币地位使美国能够维持巨额赤字,资助其全球霸权,但也导致国内产业空心化、贫富分化及民粹主义崛起,为特朗普上台创造了条件。
  • 当前体系的压力:美国巨额债务、不稳定的国债拍卖以及美联储政策对全球的冲击,正加剧体系的不稳定性。特朗普在利用该体系的同时,也在破坏其联盟基础。
  • 现代复兴尝试:包括改革IMF的特别提款权(中国曾提议)、金砖国家新开发银行、央行货币互换网络,以及基于区块链的、由一篮子商品或货币支持的全球稳定币,以绕开美元体系。
  • 最后的护栏:在美国国内政治制衡可能失效的背景下,债券市场或许已成为制约美国财政政策的唯一有效力量。

Original Article Link: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-01-26/trump-us-dollar-keynes-bretton-woods-economy/106260832

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